Alloy 254 SMO
W-Nr. 1.4547; UNS S31254
| Alloy | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 254SMO | 0.020 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 20 | 18 | 6.1 | 0.7 | 0.20 |
Alloy 254 SMO is a super austenitic stainless steel alloyed with molybdenum and nitrogen, with low carbon content. It demonstrates outstanding resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and uniform corrosion under fatigue. Alloy 254 SMO is significantly stronger than standard austenitic grades, with nearly twice the strength of 300-series stainless steels. It is also characterized by high ductility and excellent impact toughness. With high levels of chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen, 254 SMO is frequently used in chloride-rich environments such as brackish water, seawater, pulp mill bleach plants, and other chlorination processes. In some cases, it has even proven to be a more cost-effective alternative to high-nickel and titanium alloys.
Corrosion Resistance
The high alloy content provides 254 SMO with exceptional uniform corrosion resistance. It can withstand a wide range of acids thanks to its elevated levels of chromium and molybdenum. Its resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion is primarily determined by the chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen content. Since 254 SMO contains large amounts of these elements, it is well suited for demanding environments such as chlorinated seawater. Its resistance to stress corrosion cracking increases especially with the higher presence of nickel and molybdenum.
Physical Properties
| Melting Point | Density | Specific Gravity | Modulus of Elasticity in Tension |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1320–1390°C | 8.0 g/cm³ | 7.8 | 195 GPa |
Mechanical Properties
| Alloy | Tensile Strength Min (psi) | Yield Strength Min 0.2% offset (psi) | % Elongation in 2″ Min |
|---|---|---|---|
| 254SMO | 98,600 | 43,500 | 50 |
Welding
Welding 254 SMO stainless steel requires filler material—welding without it results in poor strength properties. Recommended filler metals include AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 and Alloy 625. Electrodes used in the process should match AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-12.
Heat Treatment
Forging, forming, and other operations related to this material can be performed at 982–1149°C (1800–2100°F). It is recommended not to exceed this temperature range, as it may lead to scaling and reduced workability. Post-process annealing is advised to restore maximum corrosion resistance.
254 SMO stainless steel does not respond to heat treatment. Hardening can only be achieved through cold working.
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